Yeni tip koronavir\u00fcs (Kovid-19) salg\u0131n\u0131 sebebiyle d\u00fcnya genelinde petrol t\u00fcketimi ve bu y\u0131l i\u00e7in ekonomik b\u00fcy\u00fcme beklentileri zay\u0131f seyrini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7en ay son 20 y\u0131l\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesine gerilemesi ABD’de y\u00fczlerce \u015firketi iflas noktas\u0131na getirdi.<\/p>\n
Houston \u00dcniversitesi Enerji Ekonomisti Ed Hirs, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, bankalar ve yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131lardan yeni kredi \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131n\u0131n petrol end\u00fcstrisinde faaliyet g\u00f6steren bir\u00e7ok \u015firketi iflasa s\u00fcr\u00fckledi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
ABD’li \u015firketlerin Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan \u00f6nce sondaj programlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisini payla\u015fan Hirs, «Petrol sahalar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u015flerini ilk kaybedenler oldu. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 bin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n i\u015fini kaybetti\u011fi tahmin ediliyor.» dedi.<\/p>\n
Hirs, ABD petrol end\u00fcstrisinin g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc ve k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem ham petrol \u00fcretimine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6sterge kabul edilen petrol sondaj kulesi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 9 hafta \u00fcst \u00fcste d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6stererek bu d\u00f6nemde 425 adet azald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve 9-15 May\u0131s haftas\u0131nda 258\u2019e gerileyerek Temmuz 2009’dan bu yana en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck seviyesini kaydetti\u011fini aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sadece petrol sondaj kulesi say\u0131s\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f nedeniyle, ABD petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn 60 milyar dolardan fazla zarar etti\u011fini belirten Hirs, «Petrol\u00fcn varil fiyat\u0131n\u0131n 30 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda kalmas\u0131 durumunda sekt\u00f6rde ayl\u0131k 24 milyar dolardan fazla kay\u0131p \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Sadece Teksas eyaletinin ekonomik zarar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck 135 milyon dolardan fazla.» ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
«F\u0130RMALARIN TOPLAM BORCU YAKLA\u015eIK 130 M\u0130LYAR DOLAR»<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Merkezi Teksas’ta bulunan uluslararas\u0131 hukuk firmas\u0131 Haynes and Boone’un raporuna g\u00f6re, y\u0131l\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fi itibar\u0131yla ABD petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde iflas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan \u015firketlerin say\u0131s\u0131 200’\u00fc a\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Rapora g\u00f6re, ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nemde ABD petrol end\u00fcstrisindeki firmalar\u0131n toplam borcu yakla\u015f\u0131k 130 milyar dolar seviyesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n ABD’nin Teksas eyaleti, ilk \u00e7eyrekte 98 \u015firketle \u00fclkenin en \u00e7ok iflas a\u00e7\u0131klayan petrol firmas\u0131na sahip olan b\u00f6lgesi olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Bunu, iflas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayan 12 \u015firketle Colorado, 11 \u015firketle Louisiana, 10 \u015firketle New York ve 6’\u015far \u015firketle Oklahoma ile California eyaletleri takip ediyor.<\/p>\n 170 \u015e\u0130RKET DAHA \u0130FLAS EDEB\u0130L\u0130R<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Norve\u00e7 merkezli ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z enerji ara\u015ft\u0131rma kurulu\u015fu Rystad Energy’nin raporunda ise petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n ortalama 30 dolar seviyesinde seyretmesi durumunda, gelecek y\u0131l ABD’de 170 \u015firketin daha iflas edebilece\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu.<\/p>\n Rapora g\u00f6re, ABD’de petrol ve do\u011fal gaz \u00fcreten \u015firketlerin say\u0131s\u0131 9 bini a\u015f\u0131yor. \u00c7o\u011fu aileler taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fletilen bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck firmalar, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck petrol fiyatlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en savunmas\u0131z \u015firketler aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, petrol kuyular\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131rlarsa tekrar a\u00e7malar\u0131 \u00e7ok m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n Petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en son 2014-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 115 dolardan 30 dolar\u0131n alt\u0131na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc d\u00f6nemde, ABD’de 250’den fazla petrol firmas\u0131 iflas etmi\u015f, \u00fclkenin petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde yakla\u015f\u0131k 300 bin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan i\u015fini kaybetmi\u015f ve 250 milyar dolardan fazla yat\u0131r\u0131m yok olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n Yat\u0131r\u0131m harcamalar\u0131nda k\u0131s\u0131tlamaya giden ve bulut teknolojisiyle yapay zeka gibi yenilikleri petrol end\u00fcstrisinde uygulamaya ba\u015flayan ABD ise, Kas\u0131m 2018’de Suudi Arabistan ve Rusya’y\u0131 geride b\u0131rakarak d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ham petrol \u00fcreticisi olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n